Plato&Socrates Excellence in Virtue Essay Example for Free

PlatoSocrates Excellence in Virtue Essay â€Å"Socrates’ positive impact contacts us even today† (May 6) and we can become familiar with a lot about him from one of his understudies, Plato. It is in Plato’s report of Socrates’ preliminary a work entitled, Apology, and a friend’s visit to his prison cell while he is anticipating his passing in Crito, that we find a man like no other. Socrates was a man following a way he felt that the divine beings had needed him to follow and came up with no reasons for his life and they way he lived it. The section I have browsed Plato’s Apology is the principle entry to which Socrates had faith in until his demise and gave the reason for his life and they way he decided to carry on with his life. It is this entry that clarifies all of Plato’s compositions and maybe why even in carrying on with his own life he picked copy and follow Socrates and eventually got one of his better-known understudies. To demonstrate this, the paper is composed into four segments. In the main area, I will give the key entry, alongside some printed setting to give foundation subtleties. In the subsequent segment, I will give some pertinent personal/authentic data about the writer and the timeframe for when the content was composed. In the third area, I will give a point by point examination importance and contentions of my key entry and in the fourth segment; I will clarify the significance of three sections that help the key section of the paper. Be that as it may, before we can move any further into this procedure, I will introduce my key section on which this paper is based. key entry. â€Å"As long as I have breath and quality I won't surrender theory and urging you and announcing reality to all of you whom I meet, saying as I am acclimated, ‘My old buddy, you are a resident of Athens, a city which is exceptionally extraordinary and well known for its astuteness and influence would you say you are not embarrassed about thinking about the creation of cash and for popularity and eminence, when you neither ponder your intelligence and truth and the improvement of your spirit? ’ On the off chance that he debates my words and says that he cares about these things I will not without a moment's delay discharge him and leave: I will address him and interview him and test him. On the off chance that I believe that he has not accomplished greatness, however he says that he has, I will rebuke him for underestimating the most significant things, and exaggerating those things that are less important. This I will do to everybody whom I meet, youthful or old, resident or outsider, yet particularly to residents, since they are all the more firmly identified with me. This, you should perceive, the god has directed me to do. What's more, I believe that no more prominent great has ever happened to you in the state than my support of the god. For I consume my entire time on earth in going about and convincing all of you to give your first and most noteworthy consideration to the improvement of your spirits, and not till you have done that to think about your bodies or your riches. Also, I reveal to you that riches doesn't bring greatness, yet that riches and each other beneficial thing which men have, regardless of whether in broad daylight or in private, originate from greatness. † (Baird Kaufmann 29-30). In this entry Socrates is our speaker and he is introducing his resistance against the charges that have been brought against him by Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon. The charges they have brought against Socrates are for adulterating the young and loving divine beings other than the ones every single other Athenian venerated around then in Ancient Greece. This section is one of commonly that Socrates exposes the way that what he has been doing by circumventing examining individuals regarding their convictions is instructed by the divine beings and that he ought not be executed for doing what has been asked of him. Socrates presents commonly that what he is doing in attempting to get individuals to address what they accept, however to chip away at the improvement of their spirits. He accepts thus states in the entry that riches and distinction don't carry greatness to a person’s life, however you become a superior individual first by improving your spirit and that is really where greatness can be found. When an individual has done this then they can fret about different issues. Expressing that you first turn your consideration internal and afterward outward to the bigger society could summarize the general message of Socrates. While he doesn't unequivocally say this one could sensibly decipher from Socrates protection that he accepts the explanation behind the charges that have been raised against him are because of an absence of comprehension by the Athenian open of his crucial reason just as the power he needs to do it. This is the thing that he is endeavoring to do in this entry, clarify what he has been doing and that the divine force of all Athenians told him to accomplish this work and that he has done nothing incorrectly. recorded/personal data. In spite of the fact that Socrates ran no proper school, one can discover in any number of books on Plato, that he was an understudy of Socrates in Ancient Greece. As indicated by Baird and Kaufmann Plato presumably initially started following Socrates now and again in his twenties, however one can't make certain of the specific date (4). The Apology, alongside Crito, are only various writings composed by Plato on the lessons and convictions held by Socrates. â€Å"The Apology is for the most part viewed as one of Plato’s first and as famously dedicated to what Socrates said at his preliminary on charges of irreverence and defilement of the youth† (Baird Kaufmann 5). The hour of Socrates preliminary was around 399 B. C. in Athens, Greece and â€Å"many contemporary researchers keep up that Plato’s Apology was composing inside the initial a few years following Socrates’ preliminary and execution† (Brickhouse Smith 1). The charges against Socrates were debasement of the adolescent and revering some other god as opposed to the ones normally held to be put stock in by different Athenians. It is imperative to note as announced by Brickhouse and Smith that, â€Å"Athens had just barely finished up the Peloponnesian War. The impacts of the war had been sad on her economy; groups accused each other for her thrashings, and doubt and force mongering were rife† (19). By this very actuality they were searching for somebody to fault for their issues and Socrates was a great decision. It should not shock anyone â€Å"that Athenians searched for the liable among masterminds like Socrates. All things considered, by their inclination and paying little mind to their specific influences, such savvy challenge set up insight and tradition† (Brickhouse Smith 19). At that point the charges brought against Socrates and his preliminary were a game-plan that the Athenians could see nothing amiss with around then. Socrates was certainly a man before his time. Socrates was put being investigated for the scrutinizing he did of others since he was pushing individuals in their since quite a while ago held convictions, which likely offered ascend to fear. Despite the fact that Socrates felt defended in his activities many didn't hold that equivalent hypothesis. Actually, May states, â€Å"most individuals would be very bothered on the off chance that somebody scrutinized their ethical convictions. Envision speaking with somebody who ceaselessly brought up the shortcoming in your beliefs† (5). There are not very many individuals that when driven into why they accept what they do can for the most part concoct a solid answer with respect to why they accept that way. As I would like to think, quite a bit of what individuals trust in depends on convention; either from your own family or socially and commonly happens as a blend of both. Plato’s exchanges are maybe a reasonable portrayal of Socrates’ lessons be that as it may, he doesn't give a predictable picture of Socrates (May 20). May goes onto state that â€Å"character ‘Socrates’ is depicted distinctively in some of Plato’s discoursed in light of the fact that in some of them. Plato is writing so as to account the authentic Socrates, while in others, Plato utilizes the character ‘Socrates’ as his very own mouthpiece philosophical position† (20). â€Å"Although Plato initially began to compose his exchanges so as to account the authentic Socrates, he inevitably began to compose discoursed that were given to Plato’s genuine philosophical views† (20). It was this composing made Plato figure his own perspectives trying to address a portion of the inquiries that Socrates had presented en route (May 20). Despite which Socrates is talking the message anyway is the equivalent in that greatness can be found in goodness over some other thing an individual may have. What's more, Socrates didn't do any keeping in touch with himself so all we need to go on is the thing that Plato introduced to us in his different writings. anaylsis In this section, Socrates is telling the Athenian jury that he is honest on the charges brought against him and why he is blameless. This entry is vital of comprehension and deciphering Plato’s compositions since it is a topic that is rehashed all through his works. Our character Socrates feels that individuals ought to be progressively worried about the idealizing their spirits more than all else in their life. He accepts that in his mission to assist individuals with finding their direction he is really doing as the divine beings directed. Socrates additionally expresses that the main explanation his is astute is on the grounds that he realizes that the main thing he knows is that he knows nothing worth knowing (Brickhouse Smith 129). Truth be told he so states with all due respect when he says â€Å"I am more shrewd than this man; neither one of knows whatever is extremely worth knowing, yet he imagines that he has information when he has not, while I, having no information, do no feel that I have, I appear, at any rate, to be somewhat more shrewd than he is on this point: I don't have the foggiest idea what I don't know† (Baird Kaufmann 24). Socrates accepts that it is actually the divine beings that are savvy and people don't have any intelligence. He accepts that t

Laborers of the 1920s essays

Workers of the 1920's papers Workers in the 1920's had it made. New innovation and apparatus created items twice as quick and abounded in tons of money for organizations. This new innovation and hardware made working life for them simpler and less stressfull. There was less to do, yet they created much more while doing less. In buisnesses like Ford Motor Company the new innovation, which for this situation was the sequential construction system, helped Henry Ford produce a huge number of Model T's a month for the needing open. The laborers in the Ford creation plants got more recreation time because of the abatement in work hours in the manufacturing plants, which was made conceivable by the significant decline underway time. Prior to the innovations of the new innovation and apparatus in manufacturing plants, laborers needed to assemble everything without anyone else utilizing only their hands. After the developments of the new innovation and hardware laborers needed to do less with their hands in light of the fact that the machines got them out. The mechanical production system pushed the vehicles along while going through various stations in a steady progression. Each station had a particular undertaking that should have been done there. Rather than of the laborers pulling the vehicle around on dollies while it was being assembled the sequential construction system conveyed it along, this diminished the creation time significantly, Which helped laborers get paid more in light of the fact that the buisness was making more. New innovation brought new consistant methods of working. This generally, wiped out human mistake and acquired new, increasingly effective. These new items could now be mass created in view of the new apparatus and innovations. The large scale manufacturing helped laborers produce more items which again got gobs of cash for the organization and the laborers. Workers of the 1920's likewise had another piece of their life, their relaxation time. The innovations of new items some of which they delivered themselves, carried progressively fun and less work to their typical lives. The vehicle brought a feeling of promotion... <!

Coolidge, Calvin

Coolidge, Calvin Coolidge, Calvin, 1872â€"1933, 30th President of the United States (1923â€"29), b. Plymouth, Vt. John Calvin Coolidge was a graduate of Amherst College and was admitted to the bar in 1897. He practiced (1897â€"1919) law in Northampton, Mass., entered state politics as a Republican, and rose steadily in the party. He served (1910â€"11) as mayor of Northampton, was a member of the Massachusetts state senate from 1912 to 1915 (its president after 1914), and was (1916â€"19) lieutenant governor before serving (1919â€"21) as governor. Coolidge rose to national prominence when he used the militia to end the Boston police strike in 1919. In 1920 he was nominated as Republican candidate for the vice presidency and was elected with Warren G. Harding. After Harding died, Coolidge took (Aug. 3, 1923) the oath of office as President. Untouched by the scandals of the Harding administration, he was easily elected to a full term in 1924. His personal honesty and New England simplicity appealed to t he American people, and his unquestioning faith in the conservative business values of laissez faire reflected the national mood. Coolidge's policies were aggressively pro-business. Through his appointees he transformed the Federal Trade Commission from an agency intended to regulate corporations into one dominated by big business. He twice vetoed (1927, 1928) the McNary-Haugen bill to aid agriculture and pocket-vetoed (1928) a bill for government operation of the Muscle Shoals hydroelectric plant. The presence in his cabinet of Herbert C. Hoover and Andrew W. Mellon added to the business tone of his administration, and Coolidge supported Mellon's program of tax cuts and economy in government. Through his public statements he encouraged the reckless stock market speculation of the late 1920s and left the nation unprepared for the economic collapse that followed. Coolidge chose not to seek renomination in 1928. After leaving office he retired to Northampton to write newspaper and mag azine articles and his autobiography (1929, repr. 1989). As first lady, his wife, Grace A. Goodhue Coolidge, was much admired for her poise and charm. A selection of his press conferences was edited by H. H. Quint and R. H. Ferrell (1964). See biographies by C. M. Fuess (1940), D. R. McCoy (1967, repr. 1988), J. Abels (1969), W. A. White (1938, repr. 1973), R. Sobel (1998), and A. Shlaes (2013). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

A Study On Employee Motivation Essay - 6476 Words

CHAPTER-1 1.1 INTRODUCTION The project titled â€Å"A study on employee motivation with reference to network 18†, is conducted to identify factors that are responsible for motivating the employees and the organizational functions of Network 18, Noida. The focus of the project is on what motivates the employee the most. Hence the main subject which have been focused on was Employee motivation or motivation in general. Management’s basic job is to utilize human resources effectively to achieve the organizational objectives. The personnel management is mainly concerned with organizing human resources in such a way to get maximum output to the organization and to develop the talent of people at the work to achieve the fullest satisfaction. Employee motivation is one of the major issues faced by every organization. It is the task of the manager to motivate his subordinates and also to create the â€Å"will to work† amongst his subordinates. In fact, a worker might be highly capable of doing work; nothing can be done if he is not willing to work. The manager has to make appropriate use of motivation to generate the interest amongst the employees. From a manager’s point of view it is important to understand what encourages people, what influences them and why they persist in particular action. By understanding what motivates employees, the management can design procedures, functions, policies and systems that can create a workforce of motivated and happy employees who in turn would beShow MoreRelatedEmployee Motivation – a Short Case Study1198 Words   |  5 PagesEmployee Motivation – A Short Case Study I joined CVS Caremark project at TCS-Noida in November after a successful stint at Aviva in TCS-Bangalore, where I had worked as a trainee. 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This leaves our future in the hands of children without the necessary guidance needed to succeed. RecentlyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Motivation And Performance Of Workers Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract Motivation derived from Latin word† Movere†, it is the drive which motivates to perform better. There is a link between motivation and performance. It is already resulted from previous studies that the motivated employees give more positive outcomes. To further investigate the relation among motivation and performance of workers. The research statement is designed to evaluate the relationship between motivation and employee’s performance. To evaluate the relationship, the quantitative researchRead MoreCorrelation Between Employee Motivation And Job Performance Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pagesorganization. An employee performance appraisal can act as motivation for an employee to improve his productivity. When an employee sees his goals clearly defined and is measured against the set goals and objectives, a need can be identified about the future strategies of employee motivation. In this review, I will look at and explore the multiple arguments of the management research articles. So, the question I must ask: is there a positive correlation between employee motivation and job performance

Essay about The Price of Diamonds Is Too High - 1177 Words

Statement: â€Å"The price of diamonds is too high.† The diamond cartel is the most successful and long-lasting cartel in history. The cartel created a scarcity for diamond and stabilized the prices at a high level. This essay will be discussing the validity of the statement with reference to the market of the diamond industry, history of the diamond cartel, how the price of diamonds is determined, and the implications thereof. â€Å"A cartel is a group of firms acting together†¦to limit output, raise prices, and increase economic profit.† (Parkin et al., 2013:312) The diamond cartel formed when diamonds were discovered in South Africa. This discovery, in 1870, brought a rush of prospectors to South Africa to search for alluvial diamonds. The search†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the discovery of diamonds resulted in an overall decrease in the price and value of diamonds. Rhodes saw the diamond cartel as a solution to this problem. Rhodes used the cartel to limit the supply of diamonds to the actual demand, thereby stockpiling the excess supply. De Beers not only controlled the market in South Africa, but they also expanded their holdings to other parts of the world, such as, England and Israel. (Epstein, 1982:1) By 1929, when Sir Oppenheimer took control of De Beers, the transition between the actual mining to the distribution, which is controlled by the Central Selling Organizing (CSO), became centrally controlled. (Spar, 2006:197-198) By analysing the definition of monopoly, which â€Å"†¦is the exclusive right of a person, corporation or state to sell a particular commodity† (Lerner, 1934:157), we can deduce that the diamond industry is a single-price monopoly; in other words, De Beers created its own barriers to prevent others from entry by obtaining control of the supply of diamonds (Parkin et al., 2013:273) and selling at the same price to all its customers (Parkin et al., 2013:275). Since by definition, a monopoly consists of one entity, a monopolist has complete control of the supply of the commodity; therefore, it has market power and, thus, has the ability to control the prices. (Parkin et al., 2013:272-273) The same would apply to the diamond industry: De Beers was the only firm that minedShow MoreRelatedThe Price of Diamonds is Too High Essays1079 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"THE PRICE OF DIAMONDS IS TOO HIGH† For more than a century the diamond industry has flourished beyond expectations. The diamond has grown from a small yet rare gem stone to that of a rather large and powerful symbol of wealth. The industry has been controlled by one major corporation, De Beers. De beers along with the cartel it set up has built an industry that will last forever. 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The Cost of College Tuition Free Essays

Nose Snotty October 11, 2010 English 112 Position Final The Cost of College Tuition The cost of college is very high compared to how the economy has been and how wages and financial aid have not risen with the cost of tuition. This makes it harder for students to graduate and brings a lot of stress to their lives. Without the funding that is needed many students drop out or take a longer time finishing their degree. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cost of College Tuition or any similar topic only for you Order Now Going to college is stressful enough without the need to worry about how you’re going to pay for it and what other costs will continue to rise with getting a degree. The cost of college is too high compared to the amount Americans make and how much they are expected to contribute. This issue is very close to me because I am attending college, along with many of my friends and hearing about their struggles with paying for college is something I hear about often and is something I constantly think about. Some of my friend’s parents are paying for their education and this is a great help to the students but this causes a strain on the parents and can make them decide to pull money out of their retirement (carpenter). While going to college is important it can be very tough to pay for it. Some students have to rely on student loans to pay, while others have parents who are paying for it, while others can’t go at all because it would be too hard financially and to their everyday life to be able to go. Finding the right way for you can be a process. While many jobs require a degree, the cost of getting one has risen very dramatically over the years. Colleges seem to be able to raise tuition with a moment’s notice and expect the student to deal with it. The government can only shake an angry finger at them because they don’t want to take complete control over the colleges all over America. How the parents, student, and government look at the cost, the need for a degree, and how they will pay for it determines how much they are willing to sacrifice for it. Most parents want better for their children. To some this includes paying for their college education. With the economy with the way that it is and people losing their jobs all the time this can be harder than expected. This has caused many students to change their choice on which college to attend to a cheaper choice or go to a community college before going to a four year school. (Carpenter) This isn’t a bad choice but it can be hard to transition from one school to another and hope that all the credits will transfer successfully. Many parents feel like they are letting their child down if they do not help them, but many believe that the student should pay for it them because it will help them learn responsibility with juggling school and a job. According to Public Agenda only 42% of students whose parents did not help them graduated (Clark). This could be blamed on how hard it can be to be working and to find time to fit in time not only for class but preparing for class without their parents help. This can help time management skills, but for a student to be able to graduate in four years and work enough to not have a mountain of debt can be a hard thing to accomplish. Something else that also comes up is it’s not just tuition that has to be paid for, it’s also all the fees added on and the costs that most people don’t think about when budgeting for school like food for each week and transportation. With added on fees for every class it can be very frustrating so how the student pays for college affects a lot of aspects in their lives. The government has done a lot to help students with grants and scholarships so that they can afford college. With FAFSA many families are given money that they would otherwise not have so they don’t have to worry about bettering themselves while struggling to make tuition payments. But what about the students whose parents make too much to get any grant money, but their parents don’t have enough money or don’t want to pay for them going to college? Tuition costs have raised very quickly compared to the amount of grants or scholarships available. In Indiana the university trustees set the tuition cost but many legislators are asking them to think about keeping it lower or not raise them at all (Kenly). The government thinks that the parents should be responsible for helping students pay until they are 24, married, a veteran, or have a child (Clark). This leaves a lot of students in need of help before any of these things happen. For a student to file as in independent they first need to be 24 even if they are not living with their parents and are on their own. Many students would qualify for financial aid if they could file independently but this stipulation leaves them to flounder by them. Also if a student graduates at the age at 18 and goes to school for four years this would only make them twenty-two and they would never make it to get financial aid as an independent so, they would have to get loans unless they were awarded scholarships. Having financial aid and grants from the government have helped a lot students go to college who otherwise couldn’t but it also leaves many students out who do not fit into the formula created for everyone. Going to college is a great way to better someone’s self but getting to the degree is much harder than just being a good student. Parents can only provide so much as well as the government but the rising cost of tuition with the financial far behind it is outrageous. It is understandable that universities need money to run themselves but the dramatic increase each year is something to wonder about. This is a close to home topic for me because I fall in the bracket where my parents cannot afford my education, but I do not receive any financial aid so my only option is to get loans. The government cannot provide for everyone but making college more affordable for everyone would really help our nation rise up to be more competitive with other countries. It is very sad for students who are hard workers and have the ability to get a degree, but the price discourages them from accomplishing that goal. College is an important step in many peoples’ lives in the world today. It is a requirement for many jobs and can help people reach more goals than without it. Some people believe that the need for college is greater than the sacrifice that is needed to get a degree. Even with the economy today college should be something that everyone should strive for no matter what the cost is. With a degree you can earn more money, get better jobs, and be more of an educated person. This is vital to many people in their everyday lives. With a college education you can earn double than having just a high school diploma (Longley). This makes the debt and sacrifices people make to go to college very important to better themselves. Without those sacrifices a person could not get a better paying job and provide for their families or help better other things in their lives. The sacrifices that are needed to be made can be paid off with the bettering of oneself with a degree and to some this can be priceless. How the parents, student, and government look at the cost, the need for a degree, and how they will pay for it determines how much they are willing to sacrifice. The need for a degree and the cost of getting a degree can be analyzed and give facts and figures of how important or how unimportant it is to struggle with things that are required to graduate. The good can outweigh the bad but getting there can be a hard process, but some believe that the way it is now is a fine way to get to the end goal, because the end goal can be so rewarding. Works Cited 1. Carpenter, Dave â€Å"Cost of Degree is Forcing some to go to Plan B. † Associated Press. 26 September 2010. http://www. msnbc. msn. om/id/39277351/ns/business- personal_finance/. 14 October 2010. 2. Clark, Kim â€Å"Should your kids pay for their college? † 11 December 2009. http://www. usnews. com/articles/education/2009/12/11/should-your-kids-pay-for-college-themselves. html 15 October 2010. 3. Kenley, Luke â€Å"Response to High College Cost. † Indianapolis Star. 20 September 2010. Print. 15 October 2010. 4. Longley, Robert â€Å"College Degree Nearly Doubles Annual Earnings† http://usgovinfo. about. com/od/censusandstatistics/a/collegepays. htm. 31 October 2010. How to cite The Cost of College Tuition, Papers

Police use of Racial Profiling Essay Example

Police use of Racial Profiling Paper I disagree with the vast majority, because I think the use of race in deciding whom to treat as a suspect is Just one of many factors in a police officers decision. According to Nadia Karee Nettle Racial profiling is a form of discrimination by which law enforcement uses a persons race or cultural background as the primary reason to suspect that the individual has broken the law (Para. 1). Others that oppose this view say that it is racist to consider race as a factor in any situation because it is treating a person of one race differently than a person of another race. Law enforcement considering the race of an individual is viewed as a violation of a persons right to equality under the law. And this violation is very accurate if and only if the race is the only factor being considered when suspecting an individual otherwise it is Just another observation about the situation that the law enforcement officer makes. Racial profiling is normally associated with racism even though the act of racial profiling is not inherently racist. According to Randall Kennedy (1999) racial profiling is not necessarily evil or immoral, but it is the use of facts and the environment that make a police officer use race as a factor in deciding whether or not to be suspicious of a certain person (Para. 6). An example of using many factors to identify a suspect would be when a Kansas City DEAD officer stopped a young black man who was acting in suspicious ways in an airport, and information regarding the local area said that gangs of young black men have been moving drugs into the area through major transportation hubs such as the airport (Kennedy, 1999, Para. 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Police use of Racial Profiling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Police use of Racial Profiling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Police use of Racial Profiling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer With the information the agent was given he was able to make an educated guess as to whether or not the young man was worth any more of his attention. When that young man was detained it was discovered that he did indeed have illegal substances on him with the intent to transport it. This situation is a great example of how the police use context clues and piece together a bigger picture using many factors, and one of those factors happens to be race. The Department of Justice fact sheet on racial profiling (2003) states that racial profiling is considered acceptable to use in order to identify terrorists (p. 5). It is considered acceptable to use race in order to narrow a search field so that the chances of finding a terrorist are even greater. This would make sense of why random searches are not actually random, but there is a set of factors that come into play not saying that every random search has a purpose, but it would be pointless to randomly search a 10 year old girl caring a teddy bear with her pregnant mother. Even a federal agency has acknowledged that in order to narrow a search field the use of race as a factor is acceptable. Just because race is used to help narrow a suspect field does not mean racial profiling is racist. Police encounter accusations of racism every day and that is because police have Jobs that require hem to deal with all kinds of people for hours on end, and those people are of all different types of races. Police officers stop people all day long and one of the many ways they do that is with a traffic stop. Police are always in danger because the Job is a dangerous one, but traffic stops are one of the most dangerous occasions that a police officer encounters, because the person the officer Just stopped is a complete stranger and the officer has no idea what is inside the car or if the person has a weapon. It is one of the few occasions where an officer is likely to have zero idea of hat he or she is walking into. Since there is such a big danger with traffic stops the officer must use every piece of information that can be gathered, one of which would be the race of the driver. According to Vito Walsh (2008) when officers go to the police academy to learn to become a police officer they are taught how to identify odd behavior and driving activities as criminal behavior ( p. 91). Police can use intuition and experience to make a decision about a situation. For example if an area has a high rate of Latino Americans participating in illegal immigration a police officer will be more suspicious of a windowless van driving around following every road law to the finest detail with a Latino American driving than he/she would be of a minivan with a 35 year old white female driving. It would be the logical decision to pull over the windowless van because all of the clues point to that being the more likely option, because all of the information the police officer has about the area, and his training tell him that the windowless van would pose a more likely candidate for transporting illegal immigrants. Police discretion involves reasonable suspicion and probable cause. Probable cause Exists when facts and circumstances within a police officers knowledge, which are based on reasonably trustworthy information, are sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution to believe that an offense has been or is being committed by the person being arrested (Cox, Macrame, Carmella, 2014, p. 207). The courts system of the United States places discretionary power in the hands of the police and these two terms are deeply rooted in the way police operate when they approach any situation. One of the tools of discretion police officers have is reasonable suspicion, and it is defined as the Objective facts and logical conclusions given a specific set of circumstances (Cox, Macrame, Carmella, 2014, p. 208). Reasonable suspicion is a very good representation of how the police are told to observe facts and make logical conclusions about every situation. Establishing reasonable suspicion is a tough Job though because it needs to be backed up in court if it makes it that far. The situations where reasonable suspicion is most applicable would be with a stop and frisk. As mentioned below the court case Terry v. Ohio established reasonable suspicion as enough to stop an individual and frisk them. Seeing as how reasonable suspicion is based on objective facts and logical conclusions then the law views anything that makes coming to a logical conclusion using objective facts, such as race, perfectly acceptable for police officers use (Cox, Macrame, Carmella, 2014, p. 208). The police are given many powers by the people of the United States in order to serve and protect the public. One of those powers is a terry stop this is the result of a supreme court case know as Terry v. Ohio. This case gives the police power to stop somebody as long as the officer has reasonable suspicion of criminal behavior. They are also allowed to frisk the individual, but only if the officer has reason to believe the individual poses a threat to the officer or other citizens (Nubian Thompson, 1968, p. 33) Although the action that the court has approved is at its heart not racist, because the United States legal system views everyone equally, that doesnt stop some police officers from abusing it and choosing to make racist decisions. In this aspect we trust the police to use their discretion and actually make an unbiased decision that is best for the protection of everybodys rights. The police are given a very large amount of discretion in terms of how they treat people and a pproach situations. We trust them to follow the law and protect everyones freedoms, but there will always be people that abuse the power that is given to them. Stop and frisk policies have become a hot button issue because it leaves the choice of whom to stop and frisk up to the police office. There was a situation in New York city where mayor Michael R. Bloomberg enacted a law giving the police the power to stop anyone if the police officer reasonably suspects he or she is in danger (NYC Criminal Procedure, 2014). According to Mayor Bloomberg in a Huffing Post article (2013) Ninety percent of all people killed in our city -? and 90 percent of all those who commit the murders and other violent crimes -? are black and Hispanic (Para. ). The reason for the majority of people being stopped belonging to a minority is because the areas where the police officers are sent to are areas where a large number of minorities live and the crime rate is really high, and the city feels that it would be more effective to apply police to these high crime areas (Bloomberg, 2013, Para. 2-8). The results are eradicable if this is the case. The only logical conc lusion is that more African Americans, Latino, and other minorities will be stopped and frisked if more police are sent to areas with a high population of minorities. The police are not sent to these areas because of the minorities in the area, but instead they are sent there because of the high crime rates with the intent of lowering that high crime rate and making those areas safer for the innocent residents who are victimized by the criminals that do live in the area. Since there is a lot of discretion given to police officers there are always those few officers that abuse the power given to them and end up making decisions such as whom to stop and frisk based entirely on the race of the individual. Those police officers actions are wrong and not the type of racial profiling that is acceptable. Officers that do use race as a sole factor in determining a suspect cannot properly call their actions racial profiling, but instead those actions should be considered acts of racism. Racist behavior is not tolerated in law enforcement because that would be bringing personal biases into the work place and hat would compromise the individual officers ability to make an unbiased decision. Racist decisions have no place in law enforcement because they create a situation where the eyes of the law do not view someone as equal, but instead are viewed as lesser than other human beings. Police officers who make racist decisions have no place in law enforcement and they are the few that tarnish the reputation of the many. It was previously mentioned that there are many factors leading into a police officer making his/her decision to treat someone as a suspect or not. The police use sat experiences as well as their training in order to identify a suspect using many factors. The environment that the officer is in, including the characteristics and crime rates of the neighborhood plays a part in his/her decision making process. Another group of factors that the police take into consideration is the characteristics of the person being looking at. Factors such as gender, age, and the size to formulate a profile of this individual and decide whether or not to be suspicious of the individual being observed (Albert, Bennett, Dunham, ; Stressing, 2005, p. 369). If the arson of interest is in a neighborhood with a high crime rate and there have been past occurrences of violence towards police officers, then the officer in the area will be more likely to treat everyone with more suspicion. Also if the individual in question is a young Japanese man dressed in a gang outfit in a neighborhood known for its connection to the Japanese mafia then the police officer will take interest in that person, and possibly pursue or stop him. The factors involved in a police officers decisions are a lot more complex than we think, because police look at the environment and the individual both at the same time. Sometimes the complicated line of decision making police officers use may lead the public to make blanket perception about all members of law enforcement. The main reason that citizens disagree with racial profiling is that the public view it as racist and therefore an unfavorable action. Those who oppose racial profiling claim it is racist to use race as a factor at all in deciding to treat someone as a suspect. I disagree with that statement, because the police use race as an aid to help them make a more precise decision about the person they suspect of a crime. There is statistical evidence Enid officers choice to suspect one race over another while investigating a crime. According to the Bis Uniform Crime Report in table AAA (2011) there are crimes that are more common among certain races of people like how 65% of the people arrested for forcible rape were white, and 55. 6% of arrests for robbery were African Americans (FBI). Also in the same report shows that 72. 9% of arson arrests are of someone who is white, and 86. 7% of arrests for gambling are African American (FBI). These statistics go to show that there are indeed certain racial groups of people that commit certain rimes more than others. These particular tables are of national data so the exact numbers vary in every local area so the officers in their respective precincts react differently to the data they collect. Data gathered through research influences something known as the police subculture, because the police react to new crime patterns and those are created using statistical evidence. The police subculture can be described as the shared values, attitudes, and norms created within the occupational and organizational environment of policing (Cox, Macrame, Carmella, 2014, p. 8). Police adopt a whole new view of the world whenever they start their Jobs, and they all adopt a similar if not exactly the same view. The reason this subculture would play such a huge role in all the factors a police officer uses to decide whom to suspect is because the police are always in danger with their line of work and they need every single tool at their disposal in order to protect themselves and other innocent civilians. Due to this subculture that all police become part of, the police in general view every citizen as a possible threat and danger to the public, and homeless, and that requires the police to use any and all environmental factors in order to make an educated decision. (Cox, Macrame, Carmella, 2014, p. 178). Racial profiling as defined before is intertwined with the police subculture and not viewed as a weapon against minorities but more as a tool to be used to aid the police in their efforts to prevent crime and keep the public safe from harm. When people stand up against racial profiling they are painting Just one group to be the subject of racial profiling, and those subjects are said to be the minority populations. Though he African American, Latino American, Asian American, etc.. Populations get profiled so do white Americans. The notable example of this would be the profiling of a serial killer. After a string of murders is identified as serial killings the next decision is to find the person responsible because they are extremely dangerous if they are left in society to run rampant. The police instantly start building a profile of the serial killer, and the first thing they do is assume the suspect will be white because statistically 80% of the serial killers that have been caught are white males (Sun, 2009, Para. ). This is racial profiling, and the police do it so that they can narrow their search field and not have to waste resources in unlikely areas. One could argue that the police doing such a thing makes it likely to skip over the actual suspect, but that is false because all the police are doing is limiting the search field. They are not completely eliminating groups of people from the suspect pool because they do not match the assumption that the serial killer would be white, because this is where the other factors that police look at come into play and they look beyond race for other elites. So it is a moot point to argue that racial profiling could skip over the actual perpetrator, because there are more factors being looked aside from the race of a profile. Race is not Just used against minorities when profiling a suspect, but it is also used against the majority sometimes so this would go to show that race is not used exclusively to target a single race or group of races. The police only use race as a factor in order to narrow a search pool and use their resources wisely while maximizing their effectiveness. Police officers all around the world wake up every ironing and put on a bullet proof vest and go to work to protect and serve the community. Police are forced to confront situations that a majority of Americans will never face in their lives and in order to make decisions the police need to use every aspect of every situation in order to make the safest and most logical decision. Police officers always will have to use the discretion that the citizens of the United States have given to them in order to make the best educated decision they can. Sometimes that Judgment is influenced by race, but that is not the sole factor in the average officers decision.

Contemporary Ethical Issues In Marketing Essays

Contemporary Ethical Issues In Marketing Essays Contemporary Ethical Issues In Marketing Paper Contemporary Ethical Issues In Marketing Paper Essay Topic: Marketing Ethics relate to moral evaluations of decisions and actions as right or wrong on the basis of commonly accepted principles of behaviour. Marketing ethics are moral principles that define right and wrong behaviour in marketing. The most basic ethical issues have been formalised through laws and regulations to provide conformity to the standards of society. At the very least, marketers are expected to conform to these laws and regulations. However, it is important to realise that marketing ethics go beyond legal issues, ethical marketing decisions, ethics foster mutual trust among individuals and in marketing relationships. Ethical issues typically arise because of conflicts among individuals personal moral philosophies and the marketing strategies, policies, and organisational environment in which they work, they may stem from conflicts between a marketers attempts to achieve organisational objectives and customers desire for safe and reliable products. There is little doubt that ethical considerations are a powerful influence on consumer purchasing decisions e. g. Nike with its cheap labour sourcing policies. If a brand gets its ethical stance wrong it can be very bad for business. Brands like the Body Shop have shown that showing you are ethical can do wonders for business. Whether its specific issues such as environmental impact, exploitation of child labour or a more general pressure on corporations to give something back to society through charitable donations, contributions to local communities or support for the sports and arts, every brands are needing to take a conscious decision as to what sort of ethical stance to take. For example: The Reliant Robin became highly controversial in the 1970s after consumer advocates (Thats Life on BBC television) Claimed that Reliant had saved money in the design of the cars steering system and that Relaints ran a greater risk of being involved in accidents. Similarly, organisation objectives that call for increased profits or market share may pressure marketers to steel competitors secrets, knowingly put an unsafe product on the market, or some other questionable activity. For example: In South Korea, Lucky Goldstar Group markets a detergent packaged in an orange box with a whirlpool design just like- Procter Gambles Tide brand. The product is called Tie, and Procter : Gamble does not make it or license it to Goldstar. Obviously, the attempt to develop a Tide look-alike without Procter Gambles permission creates an ethical issue. A number of recently publicised incidents in marketing, such as deceptive or objectionable advertising, misleading packaging, questionable selling practices, manipulation, corruption, and pollution, have raised, questions as to whether specific marketing practices are acceptable and beneficial to society. The issues of what is acceptable in marketing practices and what obligations marketers have to society are issues of marketing ethics and social responsibility. Although it is a very important concern in marketing decisions, ethics may be one of the most misunderstood and controversial concepts in marketing. No one has yet discovered a universally accepted approach to dealing with marketing ethics. However, this concept and its application need to be examined in order to foster marketing decisions that are acceptable and beneficial to society. To be a credible leader in wellbeing, we must demonstrate a responsible approach to the wellbeing of all our stakeholders including our people, suppliers, the communities we serve and the wider environment. Boots is about products and advice that enhance personal wellbeing. Were working to enhance our reputation as a well managed, ethical and socially responsible company. As leaders in wellbeing we intend to reinforce our key role in the UKs primary healthcare Boots approach to Corporate Social Responsibility The issue of Ethical Trading is extremely important. The Boots Company is working alongside other leading retailers and the British Retail Consortium to develop guidance and codes of practice. Boots is also a member of the Ethical Trading Initiative, an independent organisation involving government, non-governmental organisations and retailers working together to agree common standards and a common approach. Specifically, with regard to conditions of employment for the workers in the Far East who produce goods for sale in Boots stores, the company insists on only doing business with those manufacturers, which meet certain, predetermined standards. For example, pay scales are monitored to see that they are above average and facilities, which are increasingly being provided for workers who live on the premises dormitories, three nutritious meals a day, recreational amenities are all of a competitive standard. Importantly, systems have been put in place to check that employers are conforming to their local government labour laws and that their factories comply with the legal age of employment A strong sense of social responsibility is part of the Boots heritage. Today its reflected in their values and behaviors and made explicit in their statement of business purpose. Example of a recent marketing campaign is the re-launch of the companys No. 7 Brand of cosmetics. The product was perceived to be good quality but drab and old-fashioned. In 1995 it was decided to re-launch the No. 7 brand as a premium product. Recent developments had allowed a substantial range of ethical claims to be made for the products such as not tested on animals and hypoallergenic. Two thirds of the colour range was new and every possible innovation incorporated. There was extensive customer testing against competitors in the new market to ensure that products in the range out performed their rivals. New ways of marketing products are constantly emerging. Whilst Boots continues to use tried and tested methods such as TV press and advertising, new communication channels mean that there is a wider array of tools Boots can use to get messages across to their customers. Some examples include Internet and Direct Mail through the Boots Advantage Card (which is the biggest loyalty scheme in Europe). Boots prides it self on being an ethical business it demonstrates this in all its marketing. The Body Shop is well known for its ethical stances, The Body Shop believes fair trade can make a positive difference in peoples lives and Community Trade is the Body Shops fair trade principles in practice. The Community Trade programme is aimed at small producer communities around the world who supply the Body Shop with accessories and natural ingredients. Community Trade ensures a fair deal for the producers and their communities enabling them to work together to make a difference to their own lives and have more control over their futures. Fair prices help producers to feed, clothe and educate their families and allow money to go back into the community to supply basic needs such as water, health and education. Money earned through trade with The Body Shop has enabled producers to build wells in their villages, educate thousands of people about AIDS and HIV and provide schooling for hundreds of children. When you enter any of The Body Shop stores or attend a The Body Shop at Home party, the staff will be able to point out Community Traded products and accessories and products that have Community Traded ingredients in them. Through all The Body Shops marketing communications and promotional materials you will always find the Community Trade logo, which in their catalogue and on their products highlights those with Community Traded components in them. For a company like The Body Shop there is another important factor to consider; their high profile role as an advocate of social and environmental causes. If a company wants the license to campaign on public issues, it must demonstrate its own commitment to reflection and self-improvement on issues like environmental protection, animal protection and human rights. The Body Shop Mission Statement dedicates the Companys business to the pursuit of social and environmental change. Underpinning the Mission Statement is The Body Shop Trading Charter, which addresses the three principal concerns of social responsibility, environmental sustainability and animal protection. Both documents describe The Body Shops key aims regarding its relationships with stakeholders, as well as with the environment. They commit the Company to strive towards balancing the financial needs and human needs of stakeholders, and describe the key principles that the Company aims to integrate into its trading practices: respect for human and civil rights; creation and support of long-term, sustainable trading relationships with communities in need; reflection of environmental sustainability in the Companys purchasing; and the commitment not to purchase materials or products that transgress the Companys animal protection policies. The Body Shops ethics are rooted in the personal beliefs and agenda that Anita and Gordon Roddick brought with them into the business. They are fundamental to the way The Body Shop operates, our reason for being. The Body Shop is committed to maintaining high standards of social and ethical business performance. It is also committed to the principles of integrity, transparency and continuous improvement through an integrated framework of accountability and active engagement with stakeholders. Regardless of the reasons behind specific ethical issues, once the issues are identified, marketers and organisations must decide how to deal with them. This is essential to become familiar with many of the ethical issues that may arise in marketing so that they can be identified and resolved when they occur. Examination of a few issues that could develop in the different marketing mix elements, can provide some direction and lead to an understanding of the ethical problems that marketers must confront. When examining both of the organisations above in the marketing mix I found that both companies are very ethical in there own brand product lines, Boots have Botanicals made from only natural ingredients, and The Body Shop also use natural ingredients and are totally against testing on animals. The Boots company may be more expensive than other chemists own brands, this is because they pay people who work for them in the 3rd world a wage that they can live on and provide them with food shelter, Body Shop uses money raised from there sales to help provide for the people in poorer countries and they also use environmentally friendly light bulbs in there shops. Boots and The Body Shop have shops on the high street they are both recognizably more expensive than other chemists such as superdrug, but both The Body Shop Boots offer more ethical products. Boots advertises how ethical it is on TV, it also has an Advantage Card loyalty scheme, The Body Shop does not advertise on TV, most people already know the body shop stance on ethical issues, but if you go into a shop there are posters and leaflets explaining what they stand for.

How To Learn Chemistry Fast

How To Learn Chemistry Fast The first step in learning chemistry fast is to determine exactly how long you have to learn chemistry. Youll need a lot more discipline to learn chemistry in a day compared with a week or a month. Also, keep in mind you wont have great retention if you cram chemistry in a day or a week. Ideally, you want a month or longer to master any course. If you do end up cramming chemistry, expect to review the material if you need to apply it to a higher level chemistry course or remember it for a test further down the road. A Word About Chemistry Lab If you can do lab work, thats fantastic, because the hands-on learning will reinforce the concepts. However, labs take time, so most likely youll miss this segment. Keep in mind labs are required for some situations. For example, you have to document lab work for AP chemistry and many online courses. If you are doing labs, check how long they take to perform before getting starting. Some labs take less than an hour start-to-finish, while others might take hours, days or weeks. Pick short exercises, whenever possible. Supplement book learning with videos, which are readily available online. Gather Your Materials You can use any chemistry textbook, but some are better than others for fast learning. You could use an AP Chemistry book or Kaplan Study Guide or a similar book. These are high quality, time-tested reviews that cover everything. Avoid dumbed-down books because youll get the illusion that you learned chemistry, but wont master the topic. Make a Plan Dont be haphazard and dive in, expecting success in the end! Make a plan, record your progress and stick to it. Heres how: Divide your time. If you have a book, figure out how many chapters youre going to cover and how much time you have. For example, you may study and learn three chapters a day. It may be a chapter an hour. Whatever it is, write it out so you can track your progress.Get started! Check off what you accomplish. Maybe reward yourself after pre-determined points. You know better than anyone else what it will take to get you to get the job done. It may be self-bribes. It may be fear of an impending deadline. Find what works for you and apply it.If you fall behind, try to catch up right away. You might not be able to double your work, but its easier to catch up as fast as possible rather than have the studying snowball out of control.Support your study with healthy habits. Make sure you get some sleep, even if its in the form of naps. You need sleep to process new information. Try to eat nutritious food. Get some exercise. Take walks or work out during breaks. Its important to switch gears ev ery so often and get your mind off chemistry. It may feel like wasted time, but its not. Youll learn more quickly if you take brief breaks than if you study, study, study. However, dont let yourself get sidetracked where you dont get back to chemistry. Set and keep limits regarding time away from your learning. Helpful Tips Try to review prior material. Even if its just a quick review, planning a set amount of time to go over old material will help you retain it.Work through problems. At the very least, make sure you can work example problems if you have time (days or weeks instead of hours), work problems. Working problems is the best way to learn how to apply the concepts truly.Take notes. Writing down important points helps you learn the information.Recruit a study buddy. A partner can help keep you motivated, plus you can offer each other support and put your heads together when you encounter hard problems or challenging concepts.

Text in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Text in Context - Essay Example I came up with the discussion concerning generation gaps because it is a vice responsible for massive alienation among families in the western countries following the growing multiculturalism. Generation differences have been an issue for years, but it has reached intolerable levels in this postmodern period. Most areas affected by this change are music tastes, politics, culture, and fashion. The discussion regarding generation differences is common in both the film and the article as we can see some difference between parents and their children after a long period of separation. The film Tiny Furniture is a film examining the issue concerning generation gaps in families. This results from differing communication lines; â€Å"Aura thinks things may be turning around for her† (Manohla 2). The film revolves around a case where a girl leaves home and comes back after four years of schooling. The family welcomes her, which is a tradition in every community after a long period of s eparation. During this period, it is obvious that the girl assumed the culture among other ways of doing things in her previous destination. It becomes difficult to hides ones identity in this situation having in mind that she has already reached maturity age. One of the challenging issues after her arrival is concerning the time to wake up. It is common sense that after dawn, one should rise and start attending to his or her duties or even plan one or the other. However, it is not also detrimental to fail to wake up early as far as you are not ignoring your duties. This is not understandable by most parents, as they want to build their children in a spirit of hard work. The abstract between the parties is communication, as this will create a basis where they will understand each other. Most campus students find going out being part and parcel of their life. This is quite different in relation with the interpretation from parents. They view out going as an immoral activity, which sh ould be discouraged under all cost; â€Å"she goes to a party and reconnects with Charlotte† (Manohla 1). They fail to understand or interpret it from a young generation view, where they view it as a way of socializing and relaxing after a long week of schoolwork among other commitments. In reference with the film, this idea kills her morale as it vied as a vice; it immensely disappoints her and alienates her spirit. In these instances, people find themselves confused as far as doing justice to different parties is concerned. However, this maybe a difficult task as it will be hiding one’s identity. The best solution to breaking communication differences, as this will enhance a healthy relationship despite cultural differences between parties; if Aura in the film had open communication lines with the mother, there would be no conflicts as far as different practices are concerned. The article, Generations is about the two generations that exist in America because of immi gration. The first generation consists of the immigrants who entered America from â€Å"Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin Americans† while the second generation consists of their children who were born in America (George & Trimbur 42). The two generations share biological relationships together with other older generations. However, there is a gap in the way of life or the culture of the two generations. The difference comes in terms of the commitment of the two generations towards the traditions and customs set by their ancestors. It is common for individuals

Evaluation of how Market-Based Policies deal with Global Environmental Essay

Evaluation of how Market-Based Policies deal with Global Environmental Problems - Essay Example According to the paper findings most policy makers are advocating for the reduction of regulations in an effort to make sure that the market fully protects the environment. One of the main market instruments or policies is the discharge fee system, which considers a tax or fee on the generated pollution. This method is effective in a situation whereby the costs of reducing pollution is equal to the amount of charges paid. As the report stresses the instrument is beneficial in guaranteeing substantial savings on the costs incurred to control pollution as compared to other instruments such as the Command and Control that forces companies to reduce their rate of pollution at the same rate or use similar equipment. The tax or discharge programs have been in use in an effort to reduce the production of toxic chemicals and enhance sound mechanisms of dealing with solid wastes through charging people based on the garbage they discard. There is a downside to adopting the discharge fee instrument in curbing environmental problems. This is a conventional method that has been proposed by various economists since they are not necessarily concerned with the level or rate of pollution but are focused on determining its impacts. This approach has numerous limitations, considering that calculating of the costs incurred as a result of the negative impacts of pollution is a strenuous task. This means that choosing the suitable level of tax can be tedious and complex.

The Politics Behind a Magazine :: Media

The Politics Behind a Magazine The Progressive is a magazine that was started in 1909. Mathew Rothschild, who was the editor of the Multinational Monitor a Ralph Nader founded magazine, is the current editor of the magazine. The evidence of this magazine being liberal is found by taking into account the overall visual design, the stance on arguments of the articles, and the political stances of the authors that are published. In glancing through The Progressive and observing it visually a reader can gather a political viewpoint from its advertisements and pictures. The picture, which is seen on the cover of the magazines, is a depiction of an article out of the magazine. For instance, in the 2001 Jan. issue the cover story is â€Å"Aristide, Again† and the picture shows a Haitian man with a marked thumb signifying that he has voted with the slums crowded with people as the background. Along with the world the U.S. does not approve of putting him back in power but for most Haitians, which are poor, he is the only one who is for the poor. Some of the advertisements in the magazine were books that appealed to people wanting to read about making a change such as the one trying to sale The Magnificent Activist that claimed the author was â€Å"A Radical in His Era A Visionary in Ours† (The Progressive 40). There is a section in the magazine called â€Å"On the Line† which houses a collection of small articles that have pictures which stand for the story they are telling and of them was an article called â€Å"Striptease for the Trees.† In this article’s picture a women is radically protesting the clear cutting of California’s old Redwood Trees by standing in the middle of the road bare-chested in front of the logging trucks stopping their passage. From the advertisements and the covers’ eye catching artistic originality to the many pictures for the articles in the magazine a stance for the left side is portrayed. The articles that are published in The Progressive illustrate the views of liberal authors through the topics they pick and the argument they use. When the background of the authors are checked and what they stand for is assessed then a political slant can be assumed on the magazine for choosing them.

Dth Services in India

Introduction to DTH Services DTH stands for Direct-To-Home television. DTH is defined as the reception of satellite programmes with a personal dish in an individual home. How does DTH work? A DTH network consists of a broadcasting centre, satellites, encoders, multiplexers, modulators and DTH receivers. A DTH service provider has to lease Ku-band transponders from the satellite. The encoder converts the audio, video and data signals into the digital format and the multiplexer mixes these signals. At the user end, there will be a small dish antenna and set-top boxes to decode and view numerous channels. On the user's end, receiving dishes can be as small as 45 cm in diameter. DTH is an encrypted transmission that travels to the consumer directly through a satellite. DTH transmission is received directly by the consumer at his end through the small dish antenna. A set-top box, unlike the regular cable connection, decodes the encrypted transmission. Difference between DTH & Cable TV :- The way DTH reaches a consumer's home is different from the way cable TV does. In DTH, TV channels would be transmitted from the satellite to a small dish antenna mounted on the window or rooftop of the subscriber's home. So the broadcaster directly connects to the user. The middlemen like local cable operators are not there in the picture. DTH can also reach the remotest of areas since it does away with the intermediate step of a cable operator and the wires (cables) that come from the cable operator to your house. As we explained above, in DTH signals directly come from the satellite to your DTH dish. Also, with DTH, a user can scan nearly 700 channels! DTH offers better quality picture than cable TV. This is because cable TV in India is analog. Despite digital transmission and reception, the cable transmission is still analog. DTH offers stereophonic sound effects. It can also reach remote areas where terrestrial transmission and cable TV have failed to penetrate. Apart from enhanced picture quality, DTH has also allows for interactive TV services such as movie-on-demand, Internet access, video conferencing and e-mail. History of DTH in India :- DTH services were first proposed in India in 1996. But they did not pass approval because there were concerns over national security and a cultural invasion. In 1997, the government even imposed a ban when the Rupert Murdoch-owned Indian Sky Broadcasting (ISkyB) was about to launch its DTH services in India. Finally in 2000, DTH was allowed. The new policy requires all operators to set up earth stations in India within 12 months of getting a license. DTH licenses in India will cost $2. 14 million and will be valid for 10 years. The companies offering DTH service will have to have an Indian chief and foreign equity has been capped at 49 per cent. There is no limit on the number of companies that can apply for the DTH license. Growth Potential of DTH in India :- Today, India has about 120 million television homes, out of which 75 million are cable TV homes, with the majority share on analog mode. There is a gap of approximately 45 million between these two figures alone. DTH currently caters to about 8. 9 million subscribers . There would always be a lot of areas that cable still cannot reach but DTH can between MSOs (multiple system operators) and DTH. Given the size of the Indian market there would be large volumes in both cable and DTH. In this industry, 10 years is too long; hence a five-year view would be more realistic. DTH will grab a major share and be at about 20-22 million subscribers by 2013. CAGR (compound annual growth rate) for DTH in India is 30%. DTH Players in India. Sr. No. DTH Service ProvidersOwner 1DD Direct +Prassar Bharati 2dish TVEssel Group. 3Tata SkyTata + Star (JV) 4BIG TVReliance (ADAG) 5Airtel Digital TVAirtel 6Sun Direct Marans and Astro group (JV) 7Videocon D2HVideocon 8ETH Air TVSterling Group Major DTH service Providers in India DD Direct plus :- Honorable Prime Minister of India inaugurated the service on 16/12/2004. Presently the DD DIRECT+ is envisaged to telecast 56 free-to-air TV channels (containing both Doordarshan and private channels) Satellite Earth Station for uplink of signals has been setup at Delhi. The high power Ku-band transponders of Indian Satellite INSAT-4B at 93. 5? E are being used for hosting the DD DIRECT+ services. DD Direct+ is a free Direct to Home (DTH) service that provides satellite television and audio programming to households and businesses in the Indian subcontinent, owned by parent company Doordarshan. It primarily competes with cable television and other DTH Service providers such as Dish TV, Tata Sky, Sun Direct, Airtel digital TV and Big TV throughout India. Advantages : (1) DD Direct Plus is India’s first and only DTH service that offers its services absolutely free of cost. No monthly subscriptons to be paid when you are with DD Direct Plus. (2) Small one-time initial investment on STB and Dish and you can use it life-long. (3) Apart from all DD chs, DD Direct Plus offers several popular private FTA (Free-To-Air) chs. (4) As a bonus, DD Direct Plus also offers additional chs, from Dish TV’s satellite which are FTA from time to time. Disadvantages : (1) DD Direct Plus does not offer any EPG (Electronic Program Guide) facility, which all other DTH operator provides. Due to this, users are not able to check schedules on channels before-hand. (2) New channel addition process is very slow. Several ch wait for approval from Prasar Bharati (DD Direct Plus), but its sloggish attitude makes the addition of new chs too late. (3) DD Direct Plus revises and hikes its carriage fees all of a sudden due to which some channels tend to quit the platform. 4) Signal fluctuation issues occur at certain times, due to which some chs black-out temporarily. dish TV :- dishtv is an Essel Group venture. Essel Group has a vast range of national and global business interests that include media programming, broadcasting & distribution, speciality packaging and entertainment. The businesses have close synergies in the areas of content, distribution and infrastructure. Continuing with the same path-breaking tradition, the group now brings to you a new era of digital quality TV viewing. It not only broadcasts high quality programmes straight from the satellite to your home, but also gives you absolute and complete control of what you watch and pay for. It is almost like having your own satellite up in the sky. dishtv takes television viewing to the next level as it supports various futuristic features like Electronic Programme Guide, Parental Lock, Capacity up to 400 channels, Games, Interactive TV, Movie on Demand etc. Brought to you by a Zee Network Enterprise, dishtv has changed the face of the Indian television home, bringing it at par with the global entertainment ndustry. Dishtv Becomes India's First DTH Service To Cross 4. 5 Million Customer Mark 23 Million Happy Indians Have Made Dishtv No. 1 About Dish TV India: Dishtv is India’s No. 1 direct-to-home company and part of the biggest media conglomerate – Zee group. Dishtv has on its platform 225 channels & services including 21 audio channels with registered 4. 5 million subscribers, which is gr owing. Dishtv has a vast distribution network of about 650 distributors & 45,000 dealers that spans around 6500 towns across the country. Dishtv has 24* 7 call centre with 1600 seats in 11 different languages to take care of subscriber requirements at any point of time. Today, Dishtv is the leader in DTH sector with a market share of more than 53 per cent of the total subscriber base of 8. 9 million. Dishtv’s footprint covers 5400 towns across India bringing smiles to 23 million Indians. Today every 50th Indian out of the total population of 115 crore is enjoying the Dishtv experience. Advantages : (1) The biggest advantage of Dish TV is its cost. (For old or existing customers at this point). It offers most of the popular chs at low cost. The highest pack costs Rs. 325 per month, after which only 1 or 2 add-on packs are required to all almost all chs, unlike other DTH where you need several Add-on packs even after subscribing to the highest pack. (2) Dish TV’s satellite being located very near to DD Direct Plus’s satellite, all Dish TV users enjoy the complete ch offering of DD Direct Plus as well. So any new ch added in DD Direct Plus automatically gets added to Dish TV channel offering. (3) The software of Dish TV STBs are stable at the moment. This makes the switching speed between chs pretty fast. Also very less hang-ups of STBs reported till now. Thanks to Dish TV STBs’ great software. (4) Only Dish TV gives its users access to exclusive never-before seen international channels which are not available even in cable till now. The platter includes MGM, TCM and Boomerang. Airtel Digital TV provides MGM India unlike Dish TV which still carries the direct international feed of MGM. (5) Several new channels added recently are provided at no extra cost for the highest pack users, except for a few chs. (Currently only for existing or old customers). Whereas other DTH operators, have added the new launches in seperate Add-on Packs. (6) Dish TV has a good no of Transponders to offer more chs to its users, including the recently contracted Protostar which means more chs for its customers. Disadvantages : (1) One of the biggest problems of Dish TV is its Customer Care and Customer Service which is definately not upto the mark. The CC executives lack professionalism in their attitude and after-sales support in certain areas are allegedly poor. (2) Another serious issue is its audio and video quality. Quality on several (but not all) channels on Dish is not upto the mark. Too much of pixelation is seen on some chs and the audio standard is of course not of true CD quality. (3) Dish TV misses out on few important ch packages which includes the Neo bouquet and the UTV group of chs. Due to this exclusive cricket matches and world TV premier of latest movies on these chs are missed by the Dish TV users. (4) New ch addition process is extremely slow when it comes to Dish TV. It takes a huge amount of time for Dish TV to enhance its bouquet offerings. (5) The time taken for activation of packages after renewal is too long sometimes. Users had to wait for as long as 5-6 days for activation even after making payments on time. (6) Official website is not updated regularly. Official weblog which was meant for the interaction of Dish TV users, too does not work till date. Tata Sky :- Tata Sky is a JV between the TATA Group and STAR. It was launched on 8th August, 2006. Tata Sky endeavours to offer Indian viewers a world-class television viewing experience through its satellite television service. The Group and its enterprises have been steadfast and distinctive in their adherence to business ethics and their commitment to corporate social responsibility. This is a legacy that has earned the Group the trust of many millions of stakeholders in measure few business houses anywhere in the world can match. STAR is a leading media and entertainment company in Asia. STAR’s parent company, News Corporation, owns an International group of DTH businesses that include BSkyB in UK, Sky Italia in Italy and Foxtel in Australia. How does Tata Sky work? 1. Tata Sky uplinks all channels from broadcasters to its satellite (INSAT 4A). 2. The satellite sends these channels in digital format to the minidish fixed outside your home. . The minidish relays the channels to the digicomp which decodes the channels and sends them to your television, giving you an unparalleled television viewing experience with DVD quality picture and CD quality sound. Does the service get affected by rains? A few minutes of outage might occur during rains. This phenomenon is called RAIN OUTAGE and occurs in DTH platforms across the world. It will result in your televisio n losing reception for some time. We have tried to cut down this time so it might happen only for one or two minutes in a year. This too is automatically detected and gets corrected by itself. Tata Sky offers :- Tata Sky offers over 160 channels and services, designed to suit the varying needs of our subscribers. The packages include a wide array of television channels in DVD quality picture and CD quality sound and a host of new-age interactive services (Actve Cooking, Actve Wizkids, Actve Learning, Actve Stories, Actve Sports, Actve Games, Actve Matrimony, Actve STAR News, Actve Astrology, Actve Darshan and Actve Doordarshan). Showcase can be ordered with any of the Base packages. Different packages available on Tata Sky :- Base packages, designed to offer maximum choice.  » Super Hit Pack: Rs 99 per month  » South Starter Pack: Rs 125 per month  » Family Pack: Rs 200 per month  » Super Saver Pack: Rs 260 per month  » South Value Pack: Rs 260 per month  » South Jumbo Pack: Rs 310 per month Tata Sky also offers Add-On packages in addition to the Base packages. We can choose from  » Education Gold Pack: Rs 30 per month or Rs 300 per annum  » Lifestyle Gold Pack: Rs 45 per month or Rs 450 per annum  » Sports Gold Pack: Rs 30 per month Sports Platinum Pack: Rs 65 per month  » ESPN & STAR Sports Pack: Rs 40 per month  » A La Carte Channels: Ten Sports Rs 15 per month, STAR Cricket Rs 25 per month ,Topper Rs 1010 annually Tata Sky's SMS number :- SMS number is 56633. You can SMS only from your Registered Mobile Number (RMN). To register, send RMN to 56633 from your mobile phone. Advantages : (1) India’s first and only DTH service to have made a joint venture with a reputed international DTH brand, Sky, which is famous for its exquisite technology. 2) The audio and video quality of TataSky stands up to the expectations of its users. Customers have reported about TataSky’s true DVD quality picture and CD quality sound. (3) Only TataSky gives its users an exclusive access to some authentic international channels which includes BBC Entertainment and Ceebebies. (4) TataSky offers uniform volume level across all channels, unlike other DTH services where the volume level keep varying with each ch. (5) The STB of TataSky is stable enough. There has been very less or no reports of TataSky STB bugs or issues till date. (6) TataSky users argue that its Customer Service is satisfactory. Issues are addressed on time and the after-sales support is great. Disadvantages : (1) TataSky has too many Add-on packs. Several add-on packs need to be subscribed to for enjoying all the chs, even after going with the highest pack. This makes the over-all package too costly. (2) The channel strength of TataSky is less compared to other DTH operators. This is because of the less no of Transponders purchased by them. Reliance BIG TV :- 9th Aug. 2008. Launched. Launched in August this year, Big TV is available at over one lakh retail outlets across 6,500 towns along with over 2,000 exclusive Reliance branded stores. Big TV to slash prices by over 40% Ashish Sinha / New Delhi October 17, 2008, 0:07 IST (Business Standard 15/12/2008) Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group (R-ADAG) is all set to begin a price war in the direct-to-home (DTH) market by offering its connection about 43 per cent lower than any of the existing players. Big TV will offer its DTH service for Rs 1,490, while the lowest-priced connection is currently being offered by Dish TV at Rs 2,190, followed by Tata Sky at Rs 2,400. Big TV, which is the fourth entrant in the DTH space, is selling its service Rs 700 lower than its competitors. â€Å"This will be one of the biggest price cut offer by a DTH player for the coming Diwali season,† says Arun Kapoor, chief executive of Big TV. Reliance ADA Group has launched its DTH/satellite TV venture BIG TV, with 202 channels including 50 subscription VOD channels. The company says it is targeting 40 percent of the market within a year of launch, a very ambitious target, but will use all its muscle to promote it, including broadband Internet, mobile phones, home video, film production and the Adlabs cinema chain, reports Variety. Meanwhile, the company also mentioned that its IPTV service is ready and will launch within this year. Reliance has a deal with Microsoft (NSDQ: MSFT) under which the software giant supplied the IPTV software to the company for a $500 million licensing fee. BIG TV – 1 Millian. As on 25/11/08. (Source :- Televisionpoint. om) Future Investment Plan Right now this is the stage where the industry is in a phase of building the market. Just a few months ago when we launched BIG TV, the market penetration was in the range of 5–7% and today it has crossed 10%. So this is the stage when everyone is investing in terms of building and expanding the market and I am pleased to inform you that in the three months that we have been in the market it has expanded by 60%. In June-July the net addition in the month was around 600,000 and now we have crossed a million or will be around a million this month Advantages : 1) Big TV is has incorporated MPEG-4 technology unlike other DTH who are still on MPEG-2. The most basic difference between the two is that MPEG-4 is capable of carrying more chs in its offerings which means more chs can be added within a short span of time. After Dish TV, Big TV offers the highest no of chs. (2) Another merit of Big TV is its awesome picture and audio quality which are much better than any other existing DTH. For the first time, a DTH that lives up to the expectations for a true digital quality experience. (3) Big TV is perhaps the only DTH that offers several chs in its base pack. In fact, Big TV’s package and pricing is absolutely tailor-made to suit the exact needs of the customers. With this advantage, customer get more chs by paying less. (4) The Active or rather â€Å"Select† services on Big TV allows users to watch 12 chs at a time on a single screen unlike other DTH where you can watch a max of 6 – 8 chs. (5) Rain-fade is an issue that is common for all DTH. But its Big TV, so you can enjoy your favourite programs even when it rains. Big TV’s advanced technology lets you watch chs even when it rains heavily. Chs may blak-out for just about 5-6 seconds whereas in other DTHs, ch black-out lasts the entire length of the rain. Disadvantages : (1) The biggest problem of Big TV is its STB software which is still now not stable. Customers across India have reported about STB hanging problems innumerable no of times. STB gets over-heated, hangs several times, slow channel navigation, does not work after a manual update are some of the many issues that keep occcuring to the Big TV STBs. (2) Another demerit of Big TV is its Customer Care and Customer Service. The CC Executives lack professionalism in their behaviour. The after-sales support is too not good. (3) Incorrect package activations have happened with several users at times where the customer was wanting one pack and some other pack was activated instead. (4) The Big TV logo placed on the top left corner of screens is quite big and not transparent which is irritating. Whereas the logos of other DTH services are relatively smaller and of watermark type. Airtel Digital TV . (â€Å"Come Home To The Magic†) Bharti Airtel Limited announced the launch of Airtel digital TV , its Direct To Home (DTH) Satellite TV service. Airtel digital TV, which is a perfect blend of latest technology, unique features, and great content, promises to redefine the digital home entertainment experience. The service will be available to customers through 21,000 retail points including Airtel Relationship Centres in 62 cities across the country starting October 9, 2008 . With over 175 channels, the packages will start from Rs. 2499 for a six-month subscription in which the channel price band will range from Rs. 99 to Rs. 424. Vision & promise By 2010 Airtel will be the most admired brand in India: Loved by more customers Targeted by top talent Benchmarked by more businesses Airtel always think in fresh and innovative ways about the needs of our customers and how we want them to feel. We deliver what we promise and go out of our way to delight the customer with a little bit more Besides the latest technology, Airtel digital TV brings many firsts to the DTH segment in India : †¢Universal remote for both Set Top Box and TV that offers enhanced viewer convenience; †¢Highest Set Top Box memory enabling more interactive applications; †¢Exclusive content such as World space Radio; Interactive applications such as iMatinee (Book cinema tickets), iTravel (Browse and book travel packages), iShop (Shop on TV for your favorite brands), iCity (Get your city's information) and Widgets (Update yourself on latest stock news). 8 screen iNews, 2 / 4 screen iSports . †¢Amazing games with high quality graphics, refreshed every 6 weeks †¢Audio gain control for uniform audi o levels across all channels †¢Simple and intuitive search †¢On screen account meter †¢Last viewed channel in case of power disruption/switch off †¢Low battery indicator on the screen These great viewing experience and unique features are backed by 24Ãâ€"7 customer care available in 8 different languages and a team of 800 professionally trained service engineers. Market Shares: Currently, the market is dominated by Essel Group's Dish TV DTH service (about 4 million subscribers) followed by Tata Sky (2. 7 million subscribers), Sun Direct (1 million subscribers) and Big TV ( half million subscribers). State-owned Prasar Bharati's DTH service DD Direct Plus is the only free-to-air service, where consumers do not pay any monthly subscription fees. According to sources, DD Direct Plus has a subscriber base of about 3-4 million subscribers, mostly in the remote corners of the country not connected by terrestrial or cable television. Advertising Strategy: Airtel has also launched a teaser campaign for its DTH service, called ‘See you at home soon’. It has four teasers – Masai (infotainment), Cowboy (movies), Band (music) and Meercats (kids). The common element is all these teasers is a big, red couch. Advantages : (1) Airtel Digital TV offers true DVD quality picture and CD quality sound which are absolutely flawless. So its customers can be assured of its crystal-clear video and stereophonic sound. (2) The external appreacnce of Digital TV STB is sleek and stylish unlike the STB of other DTH operators which are huge and bulky. Digital TV’s STB proves to be a fantastic eye-candy. (3) For the first time, Digital TV is a DTH that offers universal remotes for its users. So no more hassle of using two remotes at a time. (One for TV, the other for STB). Digital TV’s STB remotes (after programming) will work with both your TV as well with the STB. (4) Only Digital TV exclusively offers 10 popular and premium World-Space satellite radio chs to its subscribers. There is so much to hear, when you have World Space Radio with you, another first from Digital TV. (5) The Dish antenna of Digital TV is considerably bigger than other DTH dishes. This makes sure that you dont loose connectivity even when it rains wild. The bigger dish has been brought up keeping this aspect in mind. Disadvantages : (1) The only disadvantage of Digital TV is its price which is comparetively higher than any other DTH. The highest pack goes up to Rs. 424 per month which comes out to be too costly keeping in mind the present cut-throat competition in the DTH market.