Plato&Socrates Excellence in Virtue Essay Example for Free

PlatoSocrates Excellence in Virtue Essay â€Å"Socrates’ positive impact contacts us even today† (May 6) and we can become familiar with a lot about him from one of his understudies, Plato. It is in Plato’s report of Socrates’ preliminary a work entitled, Apology, and a friend’s visit to his prison cell while he is anticipating his passing in Crito, that we find a man like no other. Socrates was a man following a way he felt that the divine beings had needed him to follow and came up with no reasons for his life and they way he lived it. The section I have browsed Plato’s Apology is the principle entry to which Socrates had faith in until his demise and gave the reason for his life and they way he decided to carry on with his life. It is this entry that clarifies all of Plato’s compositions and maybe why even in carrying on with his own life he picked copy and follow Socrates and eventually got one of his better-known understudies. To demonstrate this, the paper is composed into four segments. In the main area, I will give the key entry, alongside some printed setting to give foundation subtleties. In the subsequent segment, I will give some pertinent personal/authentic data about the writer and the timeframe for when the content was composed. In the third area, I will give a point by point examination importance and contentions of my key entry and in the fourth segment; I will clarify the significance of three sections that help the key section of the paper. Be that as it may, before we can move any further into this procedure, I will introduce my key section on which this paper is based. key entry. â€Å"As long as I have breath and quality I won't surrender theory and urging you and announcing reality to all of you whom I meet, saying as I am acclimated, ‘My old buddy, you are a resident of Athens, a city which is exceptionally extraordinary and well known for its astuteness and influence would you say you are not embarrassed about thinking about the creation of cash and for popularity and eminence, when you neither ponder your intelligence and truth and the improvement of your spirit? ’ On the off chance that he debates my words and says that he cares about these things I will not without a moment's delay discharge him and leave: I will address him and interview him and test him. On the off chance that I believe that he has not accomplished greatness, however he says that he has, I will rebuke him for underestimating the most significant things, and exaggerating those things that are less important. This I will do to everybody whom I meet, youthful or old, resident or outsider, yet particularly to residents, since they are all the more firmly identified with me. This, you should perceive, the god has directed me to do. What's more, I believe that no more prominent great has ever happened to you in the state than my support of the god. For I consume my entire time on earth in going about and convincing all of you to give your first and most noteworthy consideration to the improvement of your spirits, and not till you have done that to think about your bodies or your riches. Also, I reveal to you that riches doesn't bring greatness, yet that riches and each other beneficial thing which men have, regardless of whether in broad daylight or in private, originate from greatness. † (Baird Kaufmann 29-30). In this entry Socrates is our speaker and he is introducing his resistance against the charges that have been brought against him by Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon. The charges they have brought against Socrates are for adulterating the young and loving divine beings other than the ones every single other Athenian venerated around then in Ancient Greece. This section is one of commonly that Socrates exposes the way that what he has been doing by circumventing examining individuals regarding their convictions is instructed by the divine beings and that he ought not be executed for doing what has been asked of him. Socrates presents commonly that what he is doing in attempting to get individuals to address what they accept, however to chip away at the improvement of their spirits. He accepts thus states in the entry that riches and distinction don't carry greatness to a person’s life, however you become a superior individual first by improving your spirit and that is really where greatness can be found. When an individual has done this then they can fret about different issues. Expressing that you first turn your consideration internal and afterward outward to the bigger society could summarize the general message of Socrates. While he doesn't unequivocally say this one could sensibly decipher from Socrates protection that he accepts the explanation behind the charges that have been raised against him are because of an absence of comprehension by the Athenian open of his crucial reason just as the power he needs to do it. This is the thing that he is endeavoring to do in this entry, clarify what he has been doing and that the divine force of all Athenians told him to accomplish this work and that he has done nothing incorrectly. recorded/personal data. In spite of the fact that Socrates ran no proper school, one can discover in any number of books on Plato, that he was an understudy of Socrates in Ancient Greece. As indicated by Baird and Kaufmann Plato presumably initially started following Socrates now and again in his twenties, however one can't make certain of the specific date (4). The Apology, alongside Crito, are only various writings composed by Plato on the lessons and convictions held by Socrates. â€Å"The Apology is for the most part viewed as one of Plato’s first and as famously dedicated to what Socrates said at his preliminary on charges of irreverence and defilement of the youth† (Baird Kaufmann 5). The hour of Socrates preliminary was around 399 B. C. in Athens, Greece and â€Å"many contemporary researchers keep up that Plato’s Apology was composing inside the initial a few years following Socrates’ preliminary and execution† (Brickhouse Smith 1). The charges against Socrates were debasement of the adolescent and revering some other god as opposed to the ones normally held to be put stock in by different Athenians. It is imperative to note as announced by Brickhouse and Smith that, â€Å"Athens had just barely finished up the Peloponnesian War. The impacts of the war had been sad on her economy; groups accused each other for her thrashings, and doubt and force mongering were rife† (19). By this very actuality they were searching for somebody to fault for their issues and Socrates was a great decision. It should not shock anyone â€Å"that Athenians searched for the liable among masterminds like Socrates. All things considered, by their inclination and paying little mind to their specific influences, such savvy challenge set up insight and tradition† (Brickhouse Smith 19). At that point the charges brought against Socrates and his preliminary were a game-plan that the Athenians could see nothing amiss with around then. Socrates was certainly a man before his time. Socrates was put being investigated for the scrutinizing he did of others since he was pushing individuals in their since quite a while ago held convictions, which likely offered ascend to fear. Despite the fact that Socrates felt defended in his activities many didn't hold that equivalent hypothesis. Actually, May states, â€Å"most individuals would be very bothered on the off chance that somebody scrutinized their ethical convictions. Envision speaking with somebody who ceaselessly brought up the shortcoming in your beliefs† (5). There are not very many individuals that when driven into why they accept what they do can for the most part concoct a solid answer with respect to why they accept that way. As I would like to think, quite a bit of what individuals trust in depends on convention; either from your own family or socially and commonly happens as a blend of both. Plato’s exchanges are maybe a reasonable portrayal of Socrates’ lessons be that as it may, he doesn't give a predictable picture of Socrates (May 20). May goes onto state that â€Å"character ‘Socrates’ is depicted distinctively in some of Plato’s discoursed in light of the fact that in some of them. Plato is writing so as to account the authentic Socrates, while in others, Plato utilizes the character ‘Socrates’ as his very own mouthpiece philosophical position† (20). â€Å"Although Plato initially began to compose his exchanges so as to account the authentic Socrates, he inevitably began to compose discoursed that were given to Plato’s genuine philosophical views† (20). It was this composing made Plato figure his own perspectives trying to address a portion of the inquiries that Socrates had presented en route (May 20). Despite which Socrates is talking the message anyway is the equivalent in that greatness can be found in goodness over some other thing an individual may have. What's more, Socrates didn't do any keeping in touch with himself so all we need to go on is the thing that Plato introduced to us in his different writings. anaylsis In this section, Socrates is telling the Athenian jury that he is honest on the charges brought against him and why he is blameless. This entry is vital of comprehension and deciphering Plato’s compositions since it is a topic that is rehashed all through his works. Our character Socrates feels that individuals ought to be progressively worried about the idealizing their spirits more than all else in their life. He accepts that in his mission to assist individuals with finding their direction he is really doing as the divine beings directed. Socrates additionally expresses that the main explanation his is astute is on the grounds that he realizes that the main thing he knows is that he knows nothing worth knowing (Brickhouse Smith 129). Truth be told he so states with all due respect when he says â€Å"I am more shrewd than this man; neither one of knows whatever is extremely worth knowing, yet he imagines that he has information when he has not, while I, having no information, do no feel that I have, I appear, at any rate, to be somewhat more shrewd than he is on this point: I don't have the foggiest idea what I don't know† (Baird Kaufmann 24). Socrates accepts that it is actually the divine beings that are savvy and people don't have any intelligence. He accepts that t

Laborers of the 1920s essays

Workers of the 1920's papers Workers in the 1920's had it made. New innovation and apparatus created items twice as quick and abounded in tons of money for organizations. This new innovation and hardware made working life for them simpler and less stressfull. There was less to do, yet they created much more while doing less. In buisnesses like Ford Motor Company the new innovation, which for this situation was the sequential construction system, helped Henry Ford produce a huge number of Model T's a month for the needing open. The laborers in the Ford creation plants got more recreation time because of the abatement in work hours in the manufacturing plants, which was made conceivable by the significant decline underway time. Prior to the innovations of the new innovation and apparatus in manufacturing plants, laborers needed to assemble everything without anyone else utilizing only their hands. After the developments of the new innovation and hardware laborers needed to do less with their hands in light of the fact that the machines got them out. The mechanical production system pushed the vehicles along while going through various stations in a steady progression. Each station had a particular undertaking that should have been done there. Rather than of the laborers pulling the vehicle around on dollies while it was being assembled the sequential construction system conveyed it along, this diminished the creation time significantly, Which helped laborers get paid more in light of the fact that the buisness was making more. New innovation brought new consistant methods of working. This generally, wiped out human mistake and acquired new, increasingly effective. These new items could now be mass created in view of the new apparatus and innovations. The large scale manufacturing helped laborers produce more items which again got gobs of cash for the organization and the laborers. Workers of the 1920's likewise had another piece of their life, their relaxation time. The innovations of new items some of which they delivered themselves, carried progressively fun and less work to their typical lives. The vehicle brought a feeling of promotion... <!

Coolidge, Calvin

Coolidge, Calvin Coolidge, Calvin, 1872â€"1933, 30th President of the United States (1923â€"29), b. Plymouth, Vt. John Calvin Coolidge was a graduate of Amherst College and was admitted to the bar in 1897. He practiced (1897â€"1919) law in Northampton, Mass., entered state politics as a Republican, and rose steadily in the party. He served (1910â€"11) as mayor of Northampton, was a member of the Massachusetts state senate from 1912 to 1915 (its president after 1914), and was (1916â€"19) lieutenant governor before serving (1919â€"21) as governor. Coolidge rose to national prominence when he used the militia to end the Boston police strike in 1919. In 1920 he was nominated as Republican candidate for the vice presidency and was elected with Warren G. Harding. After Harding died, Coolidge took (Aug. 3, 1923) the oath of office as President. Untouched by the scandals of the Harding administration, he was easily elected to a full term in 1924. His personal honesty and New England simplicity appealed to t he American people, and his unquestioning faith in the conservative business values of laissez faire reflected the national mood. Coolidge's policies were aggressively pro-business. Through his appointees he transformed the Federal Trade Commission from an agency intended to regulate corporations into one dominated by big business. He twice vetoed (1927, 1928) the McNary-Haugen bill to aid agriculture and pocket-vetoed (1928) a bill for government operation of the Muscle Shoals hydroelectric plant. The presence in his cabinet of Herbert C. Hoover and Andrew W. Mellon added to the business tone of his administration, and Coolidge supported Mellon's program of tax cuts and economy in government. Through his public statements he encouraged the reckless stock market speculation of the late 1920s and left the nation unprepared for the economic collapse that followed. Coolidge chose not to seek renomination in 1928. After leaving office he retired to Northampton to write newspaper and mag azine articles and his autobiography (1929, repr. 1989). As first lady, his wife, Grace A. Goodhue Coolidge, was much admired for her poise and charm. A selection of his press conferences was edited by H. H. Quint and R. H. Ferrell (1964). See biographies by C. M. Fuess (1940), D. R. McCoy (1967, repr. 1988), J. Abels (1969), W. A. White (1938, repr. 1973), R. Sobel (1998), and A. Shlaes (2013). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

A Study On Employee Motivation Essay - 6476 Words

CHAPTER-1 1.1 INTRODUCTION The project titled â€Å"A study on employee motivation with reference to network 18†, is conducted to identify factors that are responsible for motivating the employees and the organizational functions of Network 18, Noida. The focus of the project is on what motivates the employee the most. Hence the main subject which have been focused on was Employee motivation or motivation in general. Management’s basic job is to utilize human resources effectively to achieve the organizational objectives. The personnel management is mainly concerned with organizing human resources in such a way to get maximum output to the organization and to develop the talent of people at the work to achieve the fullest satisfaction. Employee motivation is one of the major issues faced by every organization. It is the task of the manager to motivate his subordinates and also to create the â€Å"will to work† amongst his subordinates. In fact, a worker might be highly capable of doing work; nothing can be done if he is not willing to work. The manager has to make appropriate use of motivation to generate the interest amongst the employees. From a manager’s point of view it is important to understand what encourages people, what influences them and why they persist in particular action. By understanding what motivates employees, the management can design procedures, functions, policies and systems that can create a workforce of motivated and happy employees who in turn would beShow MoreRelatedEmployee Motivation – a Short Case Study1198 Words   |  5 PagesEmployee Motivation – A Short Case Study I joined CVS Caremark project at TCS-Noida in November after a successful stint at Aviva in TCS-Bangalore, where I had worked as a trainee. 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This leaves our future in the hands of children without the necessary guidance needed to succeed. RecentlyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Motivation And Performance Of Workers Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract Motivation derived from Latin word† Movere†, it is the drive which motivates to perform better. There is a link between motivation and performance. It is already resulted from previous studies that the motivated employees give more positive outcomes. To further investigate the relation among motivation and performance of workers. The research statement is designed to evaluate the relationship between motivation and employee’s performance. To evaluate the relationship, the quantitative researchRead MoreCorrelation Between Employee Motivation And Job Performance Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pagesorganization. An employee performance appraisal can act as motivation for an employee to improve his productivity. When an employee sees his goals clearly defined and is measured against the set goals and objectives, a need can be identified about the future strategies of employee motivation. In this review, I will look at and explore the multiple arguments of the management research articles. So, the question I must ask: is there a positive correlation between employee motivation and job performance

Essay about The Price of Diamonds Is Too High - 1177 Words

Statement: â€Å"The price of diamonds is too high.† The diamond cartel is the most successful and long-lasting cartel in history. The cartel created a scarcity for diamond and stabilized the prices at a high level. This essay will be discussing the validity of the statement with reference to the market of the diamond industry, history of the diamond cartel, how the price of diamonds is determined, and the implications thereof. â€Å"A cartel is a group of firms acting together†¦to limit output, raise prices, and increase economic profit.† (Parkin et al., 2013:312) The diamond cartel formed when diamonds were discovered in South Africa. This discovery, in 1870, brought a rush of prospectors to South Africa to search for alluvial diamonds. The search†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the discovery of diamonds resulted in an overall decrease in the price and value of diamonds. Rhodes saw the diamond cartel as a solution to this problem. Rhodes used the cartel to limit the supply of diamonds to the actual demand, thereby stockpiling the excess supply. De Beers not only controlled the market in South Africa, but they also expanded their holdings to other parts of the world, such as, England and Israel. (Epstein, 1982:1) By 1929, when Sir Oppenheimer took control of De Beers, the transition between the actual mining to the distribution, which is controlled by the Central Selling Organizing (CSO), became centrally controlled. (Spar, 2006:197-198) By analysing the definition of monopoly, which â€Å"†¦is the exclusive right of a person, corporation or state to sell a particular commodity† (Lerner, 1934:157), we can deduce that the diamond industry is a single-price monopoly; in other words, De Beers created its own barriers to prevent others from entry by obtaining control of the supply of diamonds (Parkin et al., 2013:273) and selling at the same price to all its customers (Parkin et al., 2013:275). Since by definition, a monopoly consists of one entity, a monopolist has complete control of the supply of the commodity; therefore, it has market power and, thus, has the ability to control the prices. (Parkin et al., 2013:272-273) The same would apply to the diamond industry: De Beers was the only firm that minedShow MoreRelatedThe Price of Diamonds is Too High Essays1079 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"THE PRICE OF DIAMONDS IS TOO HIGH† For more than a century the diamond industry has flourished beyond expectations. The diamond has grown from a small yet rare gem stone to that of a rather large and powerful symbol of wealth. The industry has been controlled by one major corporation, De Beers. De beers along with the cartel it set up has built an industry that will last forever. 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The Cost of College Tuition Free Essays

Nose Snotty October 11, 2010 English 112 Position Final The Cost of College Tuition The cost of college is very high compared to how the economy has been and how wages and financial aid have not risen with the cost of tuition. This makes it harder for students to graduate and brings a lot of stress to their lives. Without the funding that is needed many students drop out or take a longer time finishing their degree. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cost of College Tuition or any similar topic only for you Order Now Going to college is stressful enough without the need to worry about how you’re going to pay for it and what other costs will continue to rise with getting a degree. The cost of college is too high compared to the amount Americans make and how much they are expected to contribute. This issue is very close to me because I am attending college, along with many of my friends and hearing about their struggles with paying for college is something I hear about often and is something I constantly think about. Some of my friend’s parents are paying for their education and this is a great help to the students but this causes a strain on the parents and can make them decide to pull money out of their retirement (carpenter). While going to college is important it can be very tough to pay for it. Some students have to rely on student loans to pay, while others have parents who are paying for it, while others can’t go at all because it would be too hard financially and to their everyday life to be able to go. Finding the right way for you can be a process. While many jobs require a degree, the cost of getting one has risen very dramatically over the years. Colleges seem to be able to raise tuition with a moment’s notice and expect the student to deal with it. The government can only shake an angry finger at them because they don’t want to take complete control over the colleges all over America. How the parents, student, and government look at the cost, the need for a degree, and how they will pay for it determines how much they are willing to sacrifice for it. Most parents want better for their children. To some this includes paying for their college education. With the economy with the way that it is and people losing their jobs all the time this can be harder than expected. This has caused many students to change their choice on which college to attend to a cheaper choice or go to a community college before going to a four year school. (Carpenter) This isn’t a bad choice but it can be hard to transition from one school to another and hope that all the credits will transfer successfully. Many parents feel like they are letting their child down if they do not help them, but many believe that the student should pay for it them because it will help them learn responsibility with juggling school and a job. According to Public Agenda only 42% of students whose parents did not help them graduated (Clark). This could be blamed on how hard it can be to be working and to find time to fit in time not only for class but preparing for class without their parents help. This can help time management skills, but for a student to be able to graduate in four years and work enough to not have a mountain of debt can be a hard thing to accomplish. Something else that also comes up is it’s not just tuition that has to be paid for, it’s also all the fees added on and the costs that most people don’t think about when budgeting for school like food for each week and transportation. With added on fees for every class it can be very frustrating so how the student pays for college affects a lot of aspects in their lives. The government has done a lot to help students with grants and scholarships so that they can afford college. With FAFSA many families are given money that they would otherwise not have so they don’t have to worry about bettering themselves while struggling to make tuition payments. But what about the students whose parents make too much to get any grant money, but their parents don’t have enough money or don’t want to pay for them going to college? Tuition costs have raised very quickly compared to the amount of grants or scholarships available. In Indiana the university trustees set the tuition cost but many legislators are asking them to think about keeping it lower or not raise them at all (Kenly). The government thinks that the parents should be responsible for helping students pay until they are 24, married, a veteran, or have a child (Clark). This leaves a lot of students in need of help before any of these things happen. For a student to file as in independent they first need to be 24 even if they are not living with their parents and are on their own. Many students would qualify for financial aid if they could file independently but this stipulation leaves them to flounder by them. Also if a student graduates at the age at 18 and goes to school for four years this would only make them twenty-two and they would never make it to get financial aid as an independent so, they would have to get loans unless they were awarded scholarships. Having financial aid and grants from the government have helped a lot students go to college who otherwise couldn’t but it also leaves many students out who do not fit into the formula created for everyone. Going to college is a great way to better someone’s self but getting to the degree is much harder than just being a good student. Parents can only provide so much as well as the government but the rising cost of tuition with the financial far behind it is outrageous. It is understandable that universities need money to run themselves but the dramatic increase each year is something to wonder about. This is a close to home topic for me because I fall in the bracket where my parents cannot afford my education, but I do not receive any financial aid so my only option is to get loans. The government cannot provide for everyone but making college more affordable for everyone would really help our nation rise up to be more competitive with other countries. It is very sad for students who are hard workers and have the ability to get a degree, but the price discourages them from accomplishing that goal. College is an important step in many peoples’ lives in the world today. It is a requirement for many jobs and can help people reach more goals than without it. Some people believe that the need for college is greater than the sacrifice that is needed to get a degree. Even with the economy today college should be something that everyone should strive for no matter what the cost is. With a degree you can earn more money, get better jobs, and be more of an educated person. This is vital to many people in their everyday lives. With a college education you can earn double than having just a high school diploma (Longley). This makes the debt and sacrifices people make to go to college very important to better themselves. Without those sacrifices a person could not get a better paying job and provide for their families or help better other things in their lives. The sacrifices that are needed to be made can be paid off with the bettering of oneself with a degree and to some this can be priceless. How the parents, student, and government look at the cost, the need for a degree, and how they will pay for it determines how much they are willing to sacrifice. The need for a degree and the cost of getting a degree can be analyzed and give facts and figures of how important or how unimportant it is to struggle with things that are required to graduate. The good can outweigh the bad but getting there can be a hard process, but some believe that the way it is now is a fine way to get to the end goal, because the end goal can be so rewarding. Works Cited 1. Carpenter, Dave â€Å"Cost of Degree is Forcing some to go to Plan B. † Associated Press. 26 September 2010. http://www. msnbc. msn. om/id/39277351/ns/business- personal_finance/. 14 October 2010. 2. Clark, Kim â€Å"Should your kids pay for their college? † 11 December 2009. http://www. usnews. com/articles/education/2009/12/11/should-your-kids-pay-for-college-themselves. html 15 October 2010. 3. Kenley, Luke â€Å"Response to High College Cost. † Indianapolis Star. 20 September 2010. Print. 15 October 2010. 4. Longley, Robert â€Å"College Degree Nearly Doubles Annual Earnings† http://usgovinfo. about. com/od/censusandstatistics/a/collegepays. htm. 31 October 2010. How to cite The Cost of College Tuition, Papers

Police use of Racial Profiling Essay Example

Police use of Racial Profiling Paper I disagree with the vast majority, because I think the use of race in deciding whom to treat as a suspect is Just one of many factors in a police officers decision. According to Nadia Karee Nettle Racial profiling is a form of discrimination by which law enforcement uses a persons race or cultural background as the primary reason to suspect that the individual has broken the law (Para. 1). Others that oppose this view say that it is racist to consider race as a factor in any situation because it is treating a person of one race differently than a person of another race. Law enforcement considering the race of an individual is viewed as a violation of a persons right to equality under the law. And this violation is very accurate if and only if the race is the only factor being considered when suspecting an individual otherwise it is Just another observation about the situation that the law enforcement officer makes. Racial profiling is normally associated with racism even though the act of racial profiling is not inherently racist. According to Randall Kennedy (1999) racial profiling is not necessarily evil or immoral, but it is the use of facts and the environment that make a police officer use race as a factor in deciding whether or not to be suspicious of a certain person (Para. 6). An example of using many factors to identify a suspect would be when a Kansas City DEAD officer stopped a young black man who was acting in suspicious ways in an airport, and information regarding the local area said that gangs of young black men have been moving drugs into the area through major transportation hubs such as the airport (Kennedy, 1999, Para. 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Police use of Racial Profiling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Police use of Racial Profiling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Police use of Racial Profiling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer With the information the agent was given he was able to make an educated guess as to whether or not the young man was worth any more of his attention. When that young man was detained it was discovered that he did indeed have illegal substances on him with the intent to transport it. This situation is a great example of how the police use context clues and piece together a bigger picture using many factors, and one of those factors happens to be race. The Department of Justice fact sheet on racial profiling (2003) states that racial profiling is considered acceptable to use in order to identify terrorists (p. 5). It is considered acceptable to use race in order to narrow a search field so that the chances of finding a terrorist are even greater. This would make sense of why random searches are not actually random, but there is a set of factors that come into play not saying that every random search has a purpose, but it would be pointless to randomly search a 10 year old girl caring a teddy bear with her pregnant mother. Even a federal agency has acknowledged that in order to narrow a search field the use of race as a factor is acceptable. Just because race is used to help narrow a suspect field does not mean racial profiling is racist. Police encounter accusations of racism every day and that is because police have Jobs that require hem to deal with all kinds of people for hours on end, and those people are of all different types of races. Police officers stop people all day long and one of the many ways they do that is with a traffic stop. Police are always in danger because the Job is a dangerous one, but traffic stops are one of the most dangerous occasions that a police officer encounters, because the person the officer Just stopped is a complete stranger and the officer has no idea what is inside the car or if the person has a weapon. It is one of the few occasions where an officer is likely to have zero idea of hat he or she is walking into. Since there is such a big danger with traffic stops the officer must use every piece of information that can be gathered, one of which would be the race of the driver. According to Vito Walsh (2008) when officers go to the police academy to learn to become a police officer they are taught how to identify odd behavior and driving activities as criminal behavior ( p. 91). Police can use intuition and experience to make a decision about a situation. For example if an area has a high rate of Latino Americans participating in illegal immigration a police officer will be more suspicious of a windowless van driving around following every road law to the finest detail with a Latino American driving than he/she would be of a minivan with a 35 year old white female driving. It would be the logical decision to pull over the windowless van because all of the clues point to that being the more likely option, because all of the information the police officer has about the area, and his training tell him that the windowless van would pose a more likely candidate for transporting illegal immigrants. Police discretion involves reasonable suspicion and probable cause. Probable cause Exists when facts and circumstances within a police officers knowledge, which are based on reasonably trustworthy information, are sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution to believe that an offense has been or is being committed by the person being arrested (Cox, Macrame, Carmella, 2014, p. 207). The courts system of the United States places discretionary power in the hands of the police and these two terms are deeply rooted in the way police operate when they approach any situation. One of the tools of discretion police officers have is reasonable suspicion, and it is defined as the Objective facts and logical conclusions given a specific set of circumstances (Cox, Macrame, Carmella, 2014, p. 208). Reasonable suspicion is a very good representation of how the police are told to observe facts and make logical conclusions about every situation. Establishing reasonable suspicion is a tough Job though because it needs to be backed up in court if it makes it that far. The situations where reasonable suspicion is most applicable would be with a stop and frisk. As mentioned below the court case Terry v. Ohio established reasonable suspicion as enough to stop an individual and frisk them. Seeing as how reasonable suspicion is based on objective facts and logical conclusions then the law views anything that makes coming to a logical conclusion using objective facts, such as race, perfectly acceptable for police officers use (Cox, Macrame, Carmella, 2014, p. 208). The police are given many powers by the people of the United States in order to serve and protect the public. One of those powers is a terry stop this is the result of a supreme court case know as Terry v. Ohio. This case gives the police power to stop somebody as long as the officer has reasonable suspicion of criminal behavior. They are also allowed to frisk the individual, but only if the officer has reason to believe the individual poses a threat to the officer or other citizens (Nubian Thompson, 1968, p. 33) Although the action that the court has approved is at its heart not racist, because the United States legal system views everyone equally, that doesnt stop some police officers from abusing it and choosing to make racist decisions. In this aspect we trust the police to use their discretion and actually make an unbiased decision that is best for the protection of everybodys rights. The police are given a very large amount of discretion in terms of how they treat people and a pproach situations. We trust them to follow the law and protect everyones freedoms, but there will always be people that abuse the power that is given to them. Stop and frisk policies have become a hot button issue because it leaves the choice of whom to stop and frisk up to the police office. There was a situation in New York city where mayor Michael R. Bloomberg enacted a law giving the police the power to stop anyone if the police officer reasonably suspects he or she is in danger (NYC Criminal Procedure, 2014). According to Mayor Bloomberg in a Huffing Post article (2013) Ninety percent of all people killed in our city -? and 90 percent of all those who commit the murders and other violent crimes -? are black and Hispanic (Para. ). The reason for the majority of people being stopped belonging to a minority is because the areas where the police officers are sent to are areas where a large number of minorities live and the crime rate is really high, and the city feels that it would be more effective to apply police to these high crime areas (Bloomberg, 2013, Para. 2-8). The results are eradicable if this is the case. The only logical conc lusion is that more African Americans, Latino, and other minorities will be stopped and frisked if more police are sent to areas with a high population of minorities. The police are not sent to these areas because of the minorities in the area, but instead they are sent there because of the high crime rates with the intent of lowering that high crime rate and making those areas safer for the innocent residents who are victimized by the criminals that do live in the area. Since there is a lot of discretion given to police officers there are always those few officers that abuse the power given to them and end up making decisions such as whom to stop and frisk based entirely on the race of the individual. Those police officers actions are wrong and not the type of racial profiling that is acceptable. Officers that do use race as a sole factor in determining a suspect cannot properly call their actions racial profiling, but instead those actions should be considered acts of racism. Racist behavior is not tolerated in law enforcement because that would be bringing personal biases into the work place and hat would compromise the individual officers ability to make an unbiased decision. Racist decisions have no place in law enforcement because they create a situation where the eyes of the law do not view someone as equal, but instead are viewed as lesser than other human beings. Police officers who make racist decisions have no place in law enforcement and they are the few that tarnish the reputation of the many. It was previously mentioned that there are many factors leading into a police officer making his/her decision to treat someone as a suspect or not. The police use sat experiences as well as their training in order to identify a suspect using many factors. The environment that the officer is in, including the characteristics and crime rates of the neighborhood plays a part in his/her decision making process. Another group of factors that the police take into consideration is the characteristics of the person being looking at. Factors such as gender, age, and the size to formulate a profile of this individual and decide whether or not to be suspicious of the individual being observed (Albert, Bennett, Dunham, ; Stressing, 2005, p. 369). If the arson of interest is in a neighborhood with a high crime rate and there have been past occurrences of violence towards police officers, then the officer in the area will be more likely to treat everyone with more suspicion. Also if the individual in question is a young Japanese man dressed in a gang outfit in a neighborhood known for its connection to the Japanese mafia then the police officer will take interest in that person, and possibly pursue or stop him. The factors involved in a police officers decisions are a lot more complex than we think, because police look at the environment and the individual both at the same time. Sometimes the complicated line of decision making police officers use may lead the public to make blanket perception about all members of law enforcement. The main reason that citizens disagree with racial profiling is that the public view it as racist and therefore an unfavorable action. Those who oppose racial profiling claim it is racist to use race as a factor at all in deciding to treat someone as a suspect. I disagree with that statement, because the police use race as an aid to help them make a more precise decision about the person they suspect of a crime. There is statistical evidence Enid officers choice to suspect one race over another while investigating a crime. According to the Bis Uniform Crime Report in table AAA (2011) there are crimes that are more common among certain races of people like how 65% of the people arrested for forcible rape were white, and 55. 6% of arrests for robbery were African Americans (FBI). Also in the same report shows that 72. 9% of arson arrests are of someone who is white, and 86. 7% of arrests for gambling are African American (FBI). These statistics go to show that there are indeed certain racial groups of people that commit certain rimes more than others. These particular tables are of national data so the exact numbers vary in every local area so the officers in their respective precincts react differently to the data they collect. Data gathered through research influences something known as the police subculture, because the police react to new crime patterns and those are created using statistical evidence. The police subculture can be described as the shared values, attitudes, and norms created within the occupational and organizational environment of policing (Cox, Macrame, Carmella, 2014, p. 8). Police adopt a whole new view of the world whenever they start their Jobs, and they all adopt a similar if not exactly the same view. The reason this subculture would play such a huge role in all the factors a police officer uses to decide whom to suspect is because the police are always in danger with their line of work and they need every single tool at their disposal in order to protect themselves and other innocent civilians. Due to this subculture that all police become part of, the police in general view every citizen as a possible threat and danger to the public, and homeless, and that requires the police to use any and all environmental factors in order to make an educated decision. (Cox, Macrame, Carmella, 2014, p. 178). Racial profiling as defined before is intertwined with the police subculture and not viewed as a weapon against minorities but more as a tool to be used to aid the police in their efforts to prevent crime and keep the public safe from harm. When people stand up against racial profiling they are painting Just one group to be the subject of racial profiling, and those subjects are said to be the minority populations. Though he African American, Latino American, Asian American, etc.. Populations get profiled so do white Americans. The notable example of this would be the profiling of a serial killer. After a string of murders is identified as serial killings the next decision is to find the person responsible because they are extremely dangerous if they are left in society to run rampant. The police instantly start building a profile of the serial killer, and the first thing they do is assume the suspect will be white because statistically 80% of the serial killers that have been caught are white males (Sun, 2009, Para. ). This is racial profiling, and the police do it so that they can narrow their search field and not have to waste resources in unlikely areas. One could argue that the police doing such a thing makes it likely to skip over the actual suspect, but that is false because all the police are doing is limiting the search field. They are not completely eliminating groups of people from the suspect pool because they do not match the assumption that the serial killer would be white, because this is where the other factors that police look at come into play and they look beyond race for other elites. So it is a moot point to argue that racial profiling could skip over the actual perpetrator, because there are more factors being looked aside from the race of a profile. Race is not Just used against minorities when profiling a suspect, but it is also used against the majority sometimes so this would go to show that race is not used exclusively to target a single race or group of races. The police only use race as a factor in order to narrow a search pool and use their resources wisely while maximizing their effectiveness. Police officers all around the world wake up every ironing and put on a bullet proof vest and go to work to protect and serve the community. Police are forced to confront situations that a majority of Americans will never face in their lives and in order to make decisions the police need to use every aspect of every situation in order to make the safest and most logical decision. Police officers always will have to use the discretion that the citizens of the United States have given to them in order to make the best educated decision they can. Sometimes that Judgment is influenced by race, but that is not the sole factor in the average officers decision.